Home
Welcome
Welcome to Hawthorne Elementary School, a place of great beginnings. Our faculty and staff are dedicated to creating an engaging environment where our students can explore, construct and share ideas. We are committed to providing an atmosphere where students become caring, connected, and responsible individuals. We continually strive to refine and differentiate our instructional practices in response to each child’s academic, social, and emotional needs. We are looking forward to an exciting year of working together to support our students.
Parent Resources-Including CES Third Grade Parent Orientation Presentation
Hawthorne Happenings
Learning & Encore Specialists, Physical Education & Health
Kindergarten
k.jpg
First Grade
Second Grade
District Office
Library and Zoom
News & Events
![Public Hearing on District-wide Safety and Emergency Management Plan - July 9, 2025]([{"url":"https://resources.finalsite.net/images/f_auto,q_auto,t_image_size_1/v1749070725/mtplcsdorg/qbmbl0itnvcpa145de1e/Screenshot2025-06-04at45833PM.png","width":256},{"url":"https://resources.finalsite.net/images/f_auto,q_auto,t_image_size_2/v1749070725/mtplcsdorg/qbmbl0itnvcpa145de1e/Screenshot2025-06-04at45833PM.png","width":512},{"url":"https://resources.finalsite.net/images/f_auto,q_auto,t_image_size_3/v1749070725/mtplcsdorg/qbmbl0itnvcpa145de1e/Screenshot2025-06-04at45833PM.png","width":800},{"url":"https://resources.finalsite.net/images/f_auto,q_auto/v1749070725/mtplcsdorg/qbmbl0itnvcpa145de1e/Screenshot2025-06-04at45833PM.png","width":880}])
The Public Hearing on the 2025-2025 District-wide Safety and Emergency Management Plan will take place at the beginning of the Monthly Board of Education meeting on Wednesday, July 9, 2025 at 7:30 pm. If you have any comments prior to the Board meeting, please send them to Craig Scatola at cscatola@mtplcsd.org prior to July 9, 2025
![Budget Passes, thank you Mount Pleasant voters!]([{"url":"https://resources.finalsite.net/images/f_auto,q_auto,t_image_size_1/v1747796466/mtplcsdorg/bad8xvp04vgjp6u9qxa8/IMG_1831.jpg","width":256},{"url":"https://resources.finalsite.net/images/f_auto,q_auto,t_image_size_2/v1747796466/mtplcsdorg/bad8xvp04vgjp6u9qxa8/IMG_1831.jpg","width":512},{"url":"https://resources.finalsite.net/images/f_auto,q_auto,t_image_size_3/v1747796466/mtplcsdorg/bad8xvp04vgjp6u9qxa8/IMG_1831.jpg","width":800},{"url":"https://resources.finalsite.net/images/f_auto,q_auto,t_image_size_4/v1747796466/mtplcsdorg/bad8xvp04vgjp6u9qxa8/IMG_1831.jpg","width":1200},{"url":"https://resources.finalsite.net/images/f_auto,q_auto,t_image_size_5/v1747796466/mtplcsdorg/bad8xvp04vgjp6u9qxa8/IMG_1831.jpg","width":1600},{"url":"https://resources.finalsite.net/images/f_auto,q_auto,t_image_size_6/v1747796466/mtplcsdorg/bad8xvp04vgjp6u9qxa8/IMG_1831.jpg","width":2200}])
Budget Proposition: 427-109. It passed with 80% approval. Board of Education seats (3-year terms, uncontested): Christopher Pinchiaroli - 424 votes, Steven Mastrosimone - 409 votes.
![Mount Pleasant CSD Receives National Recognition for Music Education Support]([{"url":"https://resources.finalsite.net/images/f_auto,q_auto,t_image_size_1/v1747241073/mtplcsdorg/ry4uvxx6jxsxwuebcmhz/BCME2025.jpg","width":256},{"url":"https://resources.finalsite.net/images/f_auto,q_auto,t_image_size_2/v1747241073/mtplcsdorg/ry4uvxx6jxsxwuebcmhz/BCME2025.jpg","width":512},{"url":"https://resources.finalsite.net/images/f_auto,q_auto,t_image_size_3/v1747241073/mtplcsdorg/ry4uvxx6jxsxwuebcmhz/BCME2025.jpg","width":800},{"url":"https://resources.finalsite.net/images/f_auto,q_auto,t_image_size_4/v1747241073/mtplcsdorg/ry4uvxx6jxsxwuebcmhz/BCME2025.jpg","width":1200},{"url":"https://resources.finalsite.net/images/f_auto,q_auto,t_image_size_5/v1747241073/mtplcsdorg/ry4uvxx6jxsxwuebcmhz/BCME2025.jpg","width":1600},{"url":"https://resources.finalsite.net/images/f_auto,q_auto,t_image_size_6/v1747241073/mtplcsdorg/ry4uvxx6jxsxwuebcmhz/BCME2025.jpg","width":2200}])
For the third consecutive year, Mount Pleasant has been recognized as a #BestCommunitiesforMusicEducation by NAMM Foundation. Congratulations to our teachers, students, parents, and community members!
![Dr. Peter Rufa Assistant Superintendent of Curriculum and Instruction]([{"url":"https://resources.finalsite.net/images/f_auto,q_auto,t_image_size_1/v1747071475/mtplcsdorg/lv1rcvj4cglilpnwjsfa/IMG_2014.jpg","width":256},{"url":"https://resources.finalsite.net/images/f_auto,q_auto,t_image_size_2/v1747071475/mtplcsdorg/lv1rcvj4cglilpnwjsfa/IMG_2014.jpg","width":512},{"url":"https://resources.finalsite.net/images/f_auto,q_auto,t_image_size_3/v1747071475/mtplcsdorg/lv1rcvj4cglilpnwjsfa/IMG_2014.jpg","width":800},{"url":"https://resources.finalsite.net/images/f_auto,q_auto,t_image_size_4/v1747071475/mtplcsdorg/lv1rcvj4cglilpnwjsfa/IMG_2014.jpg","width":1200},{"url":"https://resources.finalsite.net/images/f_auto,q_auto,t_image_size_5/v1747071475/mtplcsdorg/lv1rcvj4cglilpnwjsfa/IMG_2014.jpg","width":1600},{"url":"https://resources.finalsite.net/images/f_auto,q_auto,t_image_size_6/v1747071475/mtplcsdorg/lv1rcvj4cglilpnwjsfa/IMG_2014.jpg","width":2200}])
Dr. Peter Rufa has been selected as the new Assistant Superintendent of Curriculum and Instruction. The appointment will be formally recommended at the May 14th Board of Education Meeting, with Dr. Rufa set to assume his new role on July 1, 2025.
![New Hawthorne Elementary to be Appointed]([{"url":"https://resources.finalsite.net/images/f_auto,q_auto,t_image_size_1/v1744314718/mtplcsdorg/m7jksuuincqozezkuuzz/Viewrecentphotos.jpg","width":256},{"url":"https://resources.finalsite.net/images/f_auto,q_auto,t_image_size_2/v1744314718/mtplcsdorg/m7jksuuincqozezkuuzz/Viewrecentphotos.jpg","width":512},{"url":"https://resources.finalsite.net/images/f_auto,q_auto,t_image_size_3/v1744314718/mtplcsdorg/m7jksuuincqozezkuuzz/Viewrecentphotos.jpg","width":800},{"url":"https://resources.finalsite.net/images/f_auto,q_auto/v1744314718/mtplcsdorg/m7jksuuincqozezkuuzz/Viewrecentphotos.jpg","width":1179}])
Mr. Anthony Carolini be appointed as the next Principal of Hawthorne Elementary, effective July 2, 2025. Mr. Carolini will succeed Anne Stern, who is retiring after a distinguished 31-year career in elementary education, including 11 years of dedicated service to Mount Pleasant.
![Public Hearing on The Smart Schools Bond Act - April 22, 2025]([{"url":"https://resources.finalsite.net/images/f_auto,q_auto/v1742933692/mtplcsdorg/g5c5dzfom6bjij4agsjk/ss.png","width":230}])
The Public Hearing on the Smart Schools Bond Act will take place at the beginning of the Monthly Board of Education meeting on Tuesday, April 22, 2025 at 7:30 pm. If you have any comments prior to the Board meeting, please send them to Ken Amann at kamann@mtplcsd.org prior to April 22, 2025
![New Director of Technology & Data to be Appointed]([{"url":"https://resources.finalsite.net/images/f_auto,q_auto/v1742234087/mtplcsdorg/i6lepefqv9atdweizneb/RobR.jpg","width":250}])
Dr. Robert Roelle be appointed as the new Director of Technology & Data effective July 1, 2025. Dr. Roelle is replacing Ken Amann who is retiring from a career of over thirty years in Mount Pleasant. Read the letter from Dr. G below.
![Announcing HES Principal Anne Stern's Retirement]([{"url":"https://resources.finalsite.net/images/f_auto,q_auto,t_image_size_1/v1737493764/mtplcsdorg/elvvpzvwo9zjfrnson9r/472306537_945733294201252_8448724986535961055_n.jpg","width":256},{"url":"https://resources.finalsite.net/images/f_auto,q_auto,t_image_size_2/v1737493764/mtplcsdorg/elvvpzvwo9zjfrnson9r/472306537_945733294201252_8448724986535961055_n.jpg","width":512},{"url":"https://resources.finalsite.net/images/f_auto,q_auto,t_image_size_3/v1737493764/mtplcsdorg/elvvpzvwo9zjfrnson9r/472306537_945733294201252_8448724986535961055_n.jpg","width":800},{"url":"https://resources.finalsite.net/images/f_auto,q_auto,t_image_size_4/v1737493764/mtplcsdorg/elvvpzvwo9zjfrnson9r/472306537_945733294201252_8448724986535961055_n.jpg","width":1200},{"url":"https://resources.finalsite.net/images/f_auto,q_auto/v1737493764/mtplcsdorg/elvvpzvwo9zjfrnson9r/472306537_945733294201252_8448724986535961055_n.jpg","width":1280}])
Hawthorne's Principal Annie Stern will conclude her time at Hawthorne at the end of this school year.
![Board of Education Appreciation]([{"url":"https://resources.finalsite.net/images/f_auto,q_auto,t_image_size_1/v1733417393/mtplcsdorg/chcpnhphwcuxgdofqgul/BOEAppreciation.jpg","width":256},{"url":"https://resources.finalsite.net/images/f_auto,q_auto,t_image_size_2/v1733417393/mtplcsdorg/chcpnhphwcuxgdofqgul/BOEAppreciation.jpg","width":512},{"url":"https://resources.finalsite.net/images/f_auto,q_auto,t_image_size_3/v1733417393/mtplcsdorg/chcpnhphwcuxgdofqgul/BOEAppreciation.jpg","width":800},{"url":"https://resources.finalsite.net/images/f_auto,q_auto,t_image_size_4/v1733417393/mtplcsdorg/chcpnhphwcuxgdofqgul/BOEAppreciation.jpg","width":1200},{"url":"https://resources.finalsite.net/images/f_auto,q_auto,t_image_size_5/v1733417393/mtplcsdorg/chcpnhphwcuxgdofqgul/BOEAppreciation.jpg","width":1600},{"url":"https://resources.finalsite.net/images/f_auto,q_auto/v1733417393/mtplcsdorg/chcpnhphwcuxgdofqgul/BOEAppreciation.jpg","width":2048}])
At Mount Pleasant, we look forward to celebrating School Board Recognition Week each year.
![Kindergarteners wear Red for Empathy]([{"url":"https://resources.finalsite.net/images/f_auto,q_auto,t_image_size_1/v1733502116/mtplcsdorg/ycstyeoeu9nldsmciowj/HESRed.jpg","width":256},{"url":"https://resources.finalsite.net/images/f_auto,q_auto,t_image_size_2/v1733502116/mtplcsdorg/ycstyeoeu9nldsmciowj/HESRed.jpg","width":512},{"url":"https://resources.finalsite.net/images/f_auto,q_auto,t_image_size_3/v1733502116/mtplcsdorg/ycstyeoeu9nldsmciowj/HESRed.jpg","width":800},{"url":"https://resources.finalsite.net/images/f_auto,q_auto,t_image_size_4/v1733502116/mtplcsdorg/ycstyeoeu9nldsmciowj/HESRed.jpg","width":1200},{"url":"https://resources.finalsite.net/images/f_auto,q_auto/v1733502116/mtplcsdorg/ycstyeoeu9nldsmciowj/HESRed.jpg","width":1440}])
Hawthorne students celebrated their second Portrait of a Learner Spirit Day today by wearing RED to symbolize Empathy.
![Annual Thanksgiving Food Drive a Success!]([{"url":"https://resources.finalsite.net/images/f_auto,q_auto,t_image_size_1/v1733501170/mtplcsdorg/lkr5dwaujjjcvrqvjs3m/Thanksgiving.jpg","width":256},{"url":"https://resources.finalsite.net/images/f_auto,q_auto,t_image_size_2/v1733501170/mtplcsdorg/lkr5dwaujjjcvrqvjs3m/Thanksgiving.jpg","width":512},{"url":"https://resources.finalsite.net/images/f_auto,q_auto,t_image_size_3/v1733501170/mtplcsdorg/lkr5dwaujjjcvrqvjs3m/Thanksgiving.jpg","width":800},{"url":"https://resources.finalsite.net/images/f_auto,q_auto,t_image_size_4/v1733501170/mtplcsdorg/lkr5dwaujjjcvrqvjs3m/Thanksgiving.jpg","width":1200},{"url":"https://resources.finalsite.net/images/f_auto,q_auto/v1733501170/mtplcsdorg/lkr5dwaujjjcvrqvjs3m/Thanksgiving.jpg","width":1440}])
Three cheers for Deb Kurlander, Jennifer Baltich, and Ricky Guido who coordinated Hawthorne’s 4th Annual Thanksgiving Food Drive.
![Family Math Night at Hawthorne]([{"url":"https://resources.finalsite.net/images/f_auto,q_auto,t_image_size_1/v1733496675/mtplcsdorg/vgqrgwtyu8n0o7px8ggu/MathNightatHES.jpg","width":256},{"url":"https://resources.finalsite.net/images/f_auto,q_auto,t_image_size_2/v1733496675/mtplcsdorg/vgqrgwtyu8n0o7px8ggu/MathNightatHES.jpg","width":512},{"url":"https://resources.finalsite.net/images/f_auto,q_auto,t_image_size_3/v1733496675/mtplcsdorg/vgqrgwtyu8n0o7px8ggu/MathNightatHES.jpg","width":800},{"url":"https://resources.finalsite.net/images/f_auto,q_auto,t_image_size_4/v1733496675/mtplcsdorg/vgqrgwtyu8n0o7px8ggu/MathNightatHES.jpg","width":1200},{"url":"https://resources.finalsite.net/images/f_auto,q_auto,t_image_size_5/v1733496675/mtplcsdorg/vgqrgwtyu8n0o7px8ggu/MathNightatHES.jpg","width":1600},{"url":"https://resources.finalsite.net/images/f_auto,q_auto/v1733496675/mtplcsdorg/vgqrgwtyu8n0o7px8ggu/MathNightatHES.jpg","width":2048}])
Math with a twist - Pajamas!
![Twenty-Five Years]([{"url":"https://resources.finalsite.net/images/f_auto,q_auto,t_image_size_1/v1733501512/mtplcsdorg/waacxlc1fvtslcmubtc4/25Years.jpg","width":256},{"url":"https://resources.finalsite.net/images/f_auto,q_auto,t_image_size_2/v1733501512/mtplcsdorg/waacxlc1fvtslcmubtc4/25Years.jpg","width":512},{"url":"https://resources.finalsite.net/images/f_auto,q_auto,t_image_size_3/v1733501512/mtplcsdorg/waacxlc1fvtslcmubtc4/25Years.jpg","width":800},{"url":"https://resources.finalsite.net/images/f_auto,q_auto,t_image_size_4/v1733501512/mtplcsdorg/waacxlc1fvtslcmubtc4/25Years.jpg","width":1200},{"url":"https://resources.finalsite.net/images/f_auto,q_auto/v1733501512/mtplcsdorg/waacxlc1fvtslcmubtc4/25Years.jpg","width":1440}])
Dr. G praised them saying, “We are privileged to recognize an extraordinary group of educators who have dedicated 25 years to shaping the minds and futures of our students. Their commitment, passion, and dedication have made, and will surely continue to make a lasting impact on generations of learners.”
![Hawthorne Loves Our Veterans!]([{"url":"https://resources.finalsite.net/images/f_auto,q_auto,t_image_size_1/v1733504797/mtplcsdorg/ubhdaxhmbnaw7xujjvx9/HESVeterans.jpg","width":256},{"url":"https://resources.finalsite.net/images/f_auto,q_auto,t_image_size_2/v1733504797/mtplcsdorg/ubhdaxhmbnaw7xujjvx9/HESVeterans.jpg","width":512},{"url":"https://resources.finalsite.net/images/f_auto,q_auto,t_image_size_3/v1733504797/mtplcsdorg/ubhdaxhmbnaw7xujjvx9/HESVeterans.jpg","width":800},{"url":"https://resources.finalsite.net/images/f_auto,q_auto,t_image_size_4/v1733504797/mtplcsdorg/ubhdaxhmbnaw7xujjvx9/HESVeterans.jpg","width":1200},{"url":"https://resources.finalsite.net/images/f_auto,q_auto,t_image_size_5/v1733504797/mtplcsdorg/ubhdaxhmbnaw7xujjvx9/HESVeterans.jpg","width":1600},{"url":"https://resources.finalsite.net/images/f_auto,q_auto,t_image_size_6/v1733504797/mtplcsdorg/ubhdaxhmbnaw7xujjvx9/HESVeterans.jpg","width":2200}])
For Enrichment, students in Kristin Biagiotti and Madison Fennell’s class created a collaborative banner for Veterans Day. Well done, Wildcats! It’s beautiful!
![Pumpkin Patch Day at HES]([{"url":"https://resources.finalsite.net/images/f_auto,q_auto,t_image_size_1/v1733490623/mtplcsdorg/cfinbgmodae8kr2h0lxb/PumpkinPatch.jpg","width":256},{"url":"https://resources.finalsite.net/images/f_auto,q_auto,t_image_size_2/v1733490623/mtplcsdorg/cfinbgmodae8kr2h0lxb/PumpkinPatch.jpg","width":512},{"url":"https://resources.finalsite.net/images/f_auto,q_auto,t_image_size_3/v1733490623/mtplcsdorg/cfinbgmodae8kr2h0lxb/PumpkinPatch.jpg","width":800},{"url":"https://resources.finalsite.net/images/f_auto,q_auto,t_image_size_4/v1733490623/mtplcsdorg/cfinbgmodae8kr2h0lxb/PumpkinPatch.jpg","width":1200},{"url":"https://resources.finalsite.net/images/f_auto,q_auto,t_image_size_5/v1733490623/mtplcsdorg/cfinbgmodae8kr2h0lxb/PumpkinPatch.jpg","width":1600},{"url":"https://resources.finalsite.net/images/f_auto,q_auto/v1733490623/mtplcsdorg/cfinbgmodae8kr2h0lxb/PumpkinPatch.jpg","width":2048}])
This highly anticipated annual tradition at Hawthorne sponsored and organized by the Mount Pleasant Elementary PTA, was another event to be remembered!
![Fire Prevention Month]([{"url":"https://resources.finalsite.net/images/f_auto,q_auto,t_image_size_1/v1733418327/mtplcsdorg/ao6yfaxkwvwoh0d4gnaa/FirePrevention.jpg","width":256},{"url":"https://resources.finalsite.net/images/f_auto,q_auto,t_image_size_2/v1733418327/mtplcsdorg/ao6yfaxkwvwoh0d4gnaa/FirePrevention.jpg","width":512},{"url":"https://resources.finalsite.net/images/f_auto,q_auto,t_image_size_3/v1733418327/mtplcsdorg/ao6yfaxkwvwoh0d4gnaa/FirePrevention.jpg","width":800},{"url":"https://resources.finalsite.net/images/f_auto,q_auto,t_image_size_4/v1733418327/mtplcsdorg/ao6yfaxkwvwoh0d4gnaa/FirePrevention.jpg","width":1200},{"url":"https://resources.finalsite.net/images/f_auto,q_auto,t_image_size_5/v1733418327/mtplcsdorg/ao6yfaxkwvwoh0d4gnaa/FirePrevention.jpg","width":1600},{"url":"https://resources.finalsite.net/images/f_auto,q_auto/v1733418327/mtplcsdorg/ao6yfaxkwvwoh0d4gnaa/FirePrevention.jpg","width":2048}])
Thank you to our Hawthorne and Thornwood Fire Companies for helping us recognize National Fire Prevention Week and Month.
![HES-Second Grade Moving Up]([{"url":"https://resources.finalsite.net/images/f_auto,q_auto,t_image_size_1/v1719315486/mtplcsdorg/fm79ifjhxo839bvv7tug/MovingUp1.jpg","width":256},{"url":"https://resources.finalsite.net/images/f_auto,q_auto,t_image_size_2/v1719315486/mtplcsdorg/fm79ifjhxo839bvv7tug/MovingUp1.jpg","width":512},{"url":"https://resources.finalsite.net/images/f_auto,q_auto,t_image_size_3/v1719315486/mtplcsdorg/fm79ifjhxo839bvv7tug/MovingUp1.jpg","width":800},{"url":"https://resources.finalsite.net/images/f_auto,q_auto,t_image_size_4/v1719315486/mtplcsdorg/fm79ifjhxo839bvv7tug/MovingUp1.jpg","width":1200},{"url":"https://resources.finalsite.net/images/f_auto,q_auto,t_image_size_5/v1719315486/mtplcsdorg/fm79ifjhxo839bvv7tug/MovingUp1.jpg","width":1600},{"url":"https://resources.finalsite.net/images/f_auto,q_auto,t_image_size_6/v1719315486/mtplcsdorg/fm79ifjhxo839bvv7tug/MovingUp1.jpg","width":2200}])
We had a first in Mount Pleasant this June - due to the extreme heat, our 2nd graders had their Moving Up Ceremony at Westlake High School.
![Summer Reading!]([{"url":"https://resources.finalsite.net/images/f_auto,q_auto,t_image_size_1/v1718970269/mtplcsdorg/xl3mz02ijreitwuxpvpb/Library2.png","width":256},{"url":"https://resources.finalsite.net/images/f_auto,q_auto,t_image_size_2/v1718970269/mtplcsdorg/xl3mz02ijreitwuxpvpb/Library2.png","width":512},{"url":"https://resources.finalsite.net/images/f_auto,q_auto,t_image_size_3/v1718970269/mtplcsdorg/xl3mz02ijreitwuxpvpb/Library2.png","width":800},{"url":"https://resources.finalsite.net/images/f_auto,q_auto/v1718970269/mtplcsdorg/xl3mz02ijreitwuxpvpb/Library2.png","width":1000}])
Hawthorne hosted a Mount Pleasant Library guest to get everyone excited about reading this summer.
![Celebrating our Retirees]([{"url":"https://resources.finalsite.net/images/f_auto,q_auto,t_image_size_1/v1718969440/mtplcsdorg/xnvzuzzs0kuzskof254t/retirees.jpg","width":256},{"url":"https://resources.finalsite.net/images/f_auto,q_auto,t_image_size_2/v1718969440/mtplcsdorg/xnvzuzzs0kuzskof254t/retirees.jpg","width":512},{"url":"https://resources.finalsite.net/images/f_auto,q_auto,t_image_size_3/v1718969440/mtplcsdorg/xnvzuzzs0kuzskof254t/retirees.jpg","width":800},{"url":"https://resources.finalsite.net/images/f_auto,q_auto,t_image_size_4/v1718969440/mtplcsdorg/xnvzuzzs0kuzskof254t/retirees.jpg","width":1200},{"url":"https://resources.finalsite.net/images/f_auto,q_auto/v1718969440/mtplcsdorg/xnvzuzzs0kuzskof254t/retirees.jpg","width":1440}])
At the June Board of Education Meeting, we said farewell to some very special members of the Mount Pleasant Schools family.
![Hawthorne Art Collaboration with Middle School Students]([{"url":"https://resources.finalsite.net/images/f_auto,q_auto,t_image_size_1/v1718907977/mtplcsdorg/hykcjvkyxyek5qupmlln/Monster.png","width":256},{"url":"https://resources.finalsite.net/images/f_auto,q_auto,t_image_size_2/v1718907977/mtplcsdorg/hykcjvkyxyek5qupmlln/Monster.png","width":512},{"url":"https://resources.finalsite.net/images/f_auto,q_auto,t_image_size_3/v1718907977/mtplcsdorg/hykcjvkyxyek5qupmlln/Monster.png","width":800},{"url":"https://resources.finalsite.net/images/f_auto,q_auto/v1718907977/mtplcsdorg/hykcjvkyxyek5qupmlln/Monster.png","width":1027}])
The “Monster Project” fostered a sense of community and collaboration between the students.